In comic books, radiation can give you superpowers. In real life, the only power it will give you is the ability to bleed out of every orifice, and then only for a short time. Likewise, in The Specialists, eugenics is a program of genetic manipulation intended to create super-powered Nazis. But the real Nazi eugenics program was a system of selective breeding intended to create an Aryan race that was taller, blonder, smarter, and more genetically “pure”. They used artificial selection to ensure that their Germanic genes were propagated while inhibiting the “lesser” races through extermination and sterilization. In the meantime, the Nazis put those undesirables to good use through forced labor and medical experiments.

Those who are familiar with WWII history will no doubt have noticed that Doktor Metzger has a lot in common with the real Josef Mengele. That’s no coincidence. In fact, we had initially intended to use Mengele as our mad scientist character. Mengele was not the only scientist conducing medical experiments in the concentration camps, though he has become the most famous. These experiments were often concerned with determining how the human body withstood trauma, when they served any discernible purpose at all. This is ironic, considering that the Nazis didn’t feel that their test subjects were truly human. Here’s a short but grisly list of some of their areas of experimentation:

  • Burning subjects with phosphor to test the effects of bomb blasts
  • Transplantation of bone, muscle, and nerve tissue from one subject to another
  • Beating a subject’s head with a hammer to study head injuries
  • Forcing subjects to sit in ice-water for hours to test the effects of hypothermia
  • Exposing subjects to mustard gas or poisons
  • Giving subjects only salt water to drink, as part of a study into how to make salt water drinkable
  • Infecting subjects with malaria and other diseases

And a host of others. Surgeries were generally performed without anesthesia and those subjects that survived injuries or afflictions were usually executed and dissected. I’d say that the test subjects were treated like animals, except that even animals are usually spared such wanton cruelty.

Mengele performed many experiments on identical twins. Their identical genetics made them valuable in tests that were (at least ostensibly) related to heredity. Mengele studied 1,500 pairs of twins while at Auschwitz. Of these, only 100 individuals survived. These twin experiments were some of the most bizarre and of the most dubious scientific value. For instance, chemicals were injected into some subjects’ eyes to see if it would change the eye color. In another case, a pair of twins were surgically conjoined.

Mengele escaped the Allies after the war, and fled to South America under an assumed name. He evaded capture for 34 years, until his death in 1979. He was never punished for his crimes, and apparently never felt remorse.

It made sense, historically, to use Mengele as our mad scientist. But in the end, we felt that turning the real person into a caricature would trivialize the truly horrible things that he did. Real people suffered and died thanks to his experiments, and we didn’t want to to be insensitive to what they went through. (It is for this reason that you will also not see any real concentration camps in the comic.)

Truth, they say, is stranger than fiction. In this case, it is also more monstrous.